toady's holidays and events
- 307 – Emperor Severus II is captured and imprisoned at Tres Tabernae. He is later executed (or forced to commit suicide) after Galerius unsuccessfully invades Italy.
- 1400 – Owain Glyndŵr is declared Prince of Wales by his followers.
- 1620 – Pilgrims set sail from England on the Mayflower.
- 1701 – James Francis Edward Stuart, sometimes called the "Old Pretender", becomes the Jacobite claimant to the thrones of England and Scotland.
- 1776 – American Revolutionary War: The Battle of Harlem Heights is fought.
- 1779 – American Revolutionary War: The Franco-American Siege of Savannah begins.
- 1795 – The first occupation by United Kingdom of Cape Colony, South Africa with the Battle of Hout Bay, after successive victories at the Battle of Muizenberg and Wynberg, after William V requested protection against revolutionary France's occupation of the Netherlands.
- 1810 – With the Grito de Dolores, Father Miguel Hidalgo begins Mexico's fight for independence from Spain.
- 1812 – The Fire of Moscow begins shortly after midnight and destroys three quarters of the city days later.
- 1863 – Robert College of Istanbul-Turkey, the first American educational institution outside the United States, is founded by Christopher Robert, an American philanthropist.
- 1880 – The Cornell Daily Sun prints its first issue in Ithaca, New York. The Sun is the nation's oldest, continuously-independent college daily.
- 1893 – Settlers make a land run for prime land in the Cherokee Strip in Oklahoma.
- 1908 – The General Motors Corporation is founded.
- 1919 – The American Legion is incorporated.
- 1920 – The Wall Street bombing: A bomb in a horse wagon explodes in front of the J. P. Morgan building in New York City killing 38 and injuring 400.
- 1928 – The Okeechobee hurricane strikes southeastern Florida, killing more than 2,500 people. It is the third deadliest natural disaster in United States history, behind the Galveston hurricane of 1900 and the 1906 San Francisco earthquake.
- 1940 – World War II: Italian troops conquer Sidi Barrani.
- 1941 – World War II: Concerned that Reza Shah Pahlavi, the Shah of Iran, was about to ally his petroleum-rich empire with Nazi Germany, the United Kingdom and the Soviet Union invade Iran in late August and force the Shah to abdicate in favor of his son, Mohammad Reza Pahlavi.
- 1943 – World War II: The Allied invasion of Italy concludes when Heinrich von Vietinghoff, commander of the German Tenth Army, orders his troops to withdraw from Salerno.
- 1945 – World War II: The surrender of the Japanese troops in Hong Kong is accepted by Royal Navy Admiral Sir Cecil Harcourt.
- 1947 – Typhoon Kathleen hits Saitama, Tokyo and Tone River area, at least 1,930 killed.
- 1955 – The military coup to unseat President Juan Perón of Argentina is launched at midnight.
- 1955 – A Soviet Navy Zulu-class submarine becomes the first submarine to launch a ballistic missile.
- 1959 – The first successful photocopier, the Xerox 914, is introduced in a demonstration on live television from New York City.
- 1961 – The United States National Hurricane Research Project drops eight cylinders of silver iodide into the eyewall of Hurricane Esther. Wind speed reduces by 10%, giving rise to Project Stormfury.
- 1961 – Typhoon Nancy, with possibly the strongest winds ever measured in a tropical cyclone, makes landfall in Osaka, Japan, killing 173 people.
- 1963 – Malaysia is formed from the Federation of Malaya, Singapore, North Borneo (Sabah) and Sarawak. However, Singapore soon leaves this new country.
- 1966 – The Metropolitan Opera House opens at Lincoln Center in New York City with the world premiere of Samuel Barber's opera Antony and Cleopatra.
- 1970 – King Hussein of Jordan declares military rule following the hijacking of four civilian airliners by the Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine (PFLP). This results in the formation of the Black September Palestinian paramilitary unit.
- 1975 – Papua New Guinea gains independence from Australia.
- 1975 – The Cape Verde Islands, Mozambique, and São Tomé and Príncipe join the United Nations.
- 1975 – The first prototype of the Mikoyan MiG-31 interceptor makes its maiden flight.
- 1976 – Shavarsh Karapetyan saves 20 people from the trolleybus that had fallen into Yerevan reservoir.
- 1978 – An earthquake measuring 7.5 to 7.9 on the Richter scale hits the city of Tabas, Iran killing about 25,000 people.
- 1980 – Saint Vincent and the Grenadines join the United Nations.
- 1982 – Sabra and Shatila massacre in Lebanon takes place.
- 1987 – The Montreal Protocol is signed to protect the ozone layer from depletion.
- 1990 – The railroad between the People's Republic of China and Kazakhstan is completed at Dostyk, adding a sizable link to the concept of the Eurasian Land Bridge.
- 1992 – The trial of the deposed Panamanian dictator Manuel Noriega ends in the United States with a 40 year sentence for drug trafficking and money laundering.
- 1992 – Black Wednesday: The pound is forced out of the European Exchange Rate Mechanism by currency speculators and is forced to devalue against the German mark.
- 1994 – The British government lifts the broadcasting ban imposed against members of Sinn Féin and Irish paramilitary groups in 1988.
- 2005 – The Camorra organized crime boss Paolo Di Lauro is arrested in Naples, Italy.
- 2007 – One-Two-GO Airlines Flight 269 carrying 128 crew and passengers crashes in Thailand killing 89 people.
- 2007 – Mercenaries working for Blackwater Worldwide allegedly shoot and kill 17 Iraqis in Nisour Square, Baghdad; all criminal charges against them are later dismissed, sparking outrage in the Arab world.
- 2013 – A gunman kills twelve people at the Navy Yard in Washington, D.C.
- 16 – Julia Drusilla, Roman daughter of Germanicus (d. 38)
- 1386 – Henry V of England, (d. 1422)
- 1507 – Jiajing Emperor of China (d. 1567)
- 1557 – Jacques Mauduit, French composer (d. 1627)
- 1615 – Heinrich Bach, German organist and composer (d. 1692)
- 1651 – Engelbert Kaempfer, German physician (d. 1716)
- 1666 – Antoine Parent, French mathematician (d. 1716)
- 1678 – Henry St John, 1st Viscount Bolingbroke, English politician, Secretary of State for the Southern Department (d. 1751)
- 1716 – Angelo Maria Amorevoli, Italian tenor (d. 1798)
- 1722 – Gabriel Christie, Scottish-English general (d. 1799)
- 1725 – Nicolas Desmarest, French geologist (d. 1815)
- 1745 – Mikhail Kutuzov, Russian field marshal (d. 1813)
- 1777 – Nathan Mayer Rothschild, German-English banker and financier (d. 1836)
- 1782 – Daoguang Emperor of China (d. 1850)
- 1823 – Francis Parkman, American historian and author (d. 1893)
- 1827 – Jean Albert Gaudry, French geologist and palaeontologist (d. 1908)
- 1830 – Patrick Francis Moran, Irish-Australian cardinal (d. 1911)
- 1837 – Pedro V of Portugal (d. 1861)
- 1844 – Paul Taffanel, French flute player and conductor (d. 1908)
- 1846 – Anna Kingsford, English activist (d. 1888)
- 1853 – Albrecht Kossel, German physician and biochemist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1927)
- 1858 – Edward Marshall Hall, English lawyer (d. 1927)
- 1858 – Bonar Law, Canadian-Scottish banker and politician, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom (d. 1923)
- 1859 – Yuan Shikai, Chinese general and politician, President of the Republic of China (d. 1916)
- 1866 – Georg Voigt, German politician, Mayor of Marburg (d. 1927)
- 1870 – John Pius Boland, Irish-English tennis player and politician (d. 1958)
- 1875 – James Cash Penney, American businessman, founded J. C. Penney (d. 1971)
- 1876 – Eduardo Camet, Argentine fencer (d. 1931)
- 1877 – Jacob Schick, American-Canadian inventor and businessman, founded Schick Razors (d. 1937)
- 1880 – Alfred Noyes, English poet (d. 1958)
- 1881 – Clive Bell, English critic (d. 1964)
- 1883 – T. E. Hulme, English poet and critic (d. 1917)
- 1886 – Jean Arp, Alsatian sculptor and painter (d. 1966)
- 1887 – Nadia Boulanger, French composer and educator (d. 1979)
- 1888 – Frans Eemil Sillanpää, Finnish author, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1964)
- 1891 – Karl Dönitz, German admiral and politician, President of Germany (d. 1980)
- 1891 – Stephanie von Hohenlohe, Austrian-German spy (d. 1972)
- 1893 – Alexander Korda, Hungarian-English director, producer, and screenwiter (d. 1956)
- 1893 – Albert Szent-Györgyi, Hungarian-American physiologist and biochemist, Nobel Prize laureate (d. 1986)
- 1895 – Zainal Abidin Ahmad, Malaysian author and scholar (d. 1973)
- 1896 – Margaret Fitzgerald, Canadian super-centenarian (d. 2009)
- 1897 – Milt Franklyn, American composer (d. 1962)
- 1898 – H. A. Rey, American author and illustrator, co-created Curious George (d. 1977)
- 1899 – Hans Swarowsky, Hungarian-Austrian conductor (d. 1975)
- 1903 – Joe Venuti, American violinist (The Dorsey Brothers) (d. 1978)
- 1905 – Vladimír Holan, Czech poet (d. 1980)
- 1906 – Jack Churchill, English colonel (d. 1996)
- 1910 – Erich Kempka, German colonel and chauffeur (d. 1975)
- 1910 – Karl Kling, German race car driver (d. 2003)
- 1911 – Wilfred Burchett, Australian journalist (d. 1983)
- 1911 – Paul Henning, American screenwriter and producer (d. 2005)
- 1914 – Allen Funt, American director, producer, and screenwriter (d. 1999)
- 1915 – Cy Walter, American pianist (d. 1968)
- 1916 – Robert Llewellyn Bradshaw, Caribbean politician, 1st Prime Minister of Saint Kitts and Nevis (d. 1978)
- 1916 – M. S. Subbulakshmi, Indian singer (d. 2004)
- 1916 – Frank Leslie Walcott, Barbadian politician (d. 1999)
- 1918 – Władysław Kędra, Polish pianist (d. 1968)
- 1919 – Laurence J. Peter, Canadian-American hierarchiologist and educator (d. 1990)
- 1919 – Andy Russell, American singer (d. 1992)
- 1920 – Sheila Quinn, English nurse
- 1920 – Art Sansom, American cartoonist (d. 1991)
- 1921 – Jon Hendricks, American singer-songwriter
- 1921 – Korla Pandit, American pianist and composer (d. 1998)
- 1922 – Guy Hamilton, French-English director and screenwriter
- 1922 – Marcel Mouloudji, French actor and singer (d. 1994)
- 1922 – Janis Paige, American actress and singer
- 1923 – Lee Kuan Yew, Singaporean lawyer and politician, 1st Prime Minister of Singapore
- 1924 – Lauren Bacall, American actress and singer (d. 2014)
- 1925 – Charlie Byrd, American guitarist (d. 1999)
- 1925 – Charles Haughey, Irish accountant, lawyer, and politician, 7th Taoiseach of Ireland (d. 2006)
- 1925 – B.B. King, American singer-songwriter, guitarist, and producer
- 1926 – Tommy Bond, American actor and singer (d. 2005)
- 1926 – Eric Gross, Austrian-Australian pianist and composer (d. 2011)
- 1926 – John Knowles, American author (d. 2001)
- 1926 – Rogers McKee, American baseball player (d. 2014)
- 1926 – Takao Tanabe, Canadian painter
- 1927 – Peter Falk, American actor, singer, and producer (d. 2011)
- 1927 – Jack Kelly, American actor (d. 1992)
- 1927 – Sadako Ogata, Japanese academic and diplomat, United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees
- 1928 – Rex Trailer, American television host, actor, and singer (d. 2013)
- 1928 – Lady Gwen Thompson, English author and educator (d. 1986)
- 1930 – Anne Francis, American actress (d. 2011)
- 1931 – K. D. Arulpragasam, Sri Lankan zoologist and academic (d. 2003)
- 1931 – Little Willie Littlefield, American-Dutch singer-songwriter and pianist (d. 2013)
- 1932 – Mickey Stewart, English cricketer and coach
- 1933 – Stephanie 'Steve' Shirley, British businesswoman and philanthropist
- 1934 – Elgin Baylor, American basketball player and coach
- 1934 – George Chakiris, American actor, singer, and dancer
- 1934 – Ronnie Drew, Irish singer-songwriter and guitarist (The Dubliners) (d. 2008)
- 1934 – Dick Heckstall-Smith, English saxophonist (Blues Incorporated, The Graham Bond Organisation, and Colosseum) (d. 2004)
- 1935 – Carl Andre, American sculptor
- 1935 – Billy Boy Arnold, American singer-songwriter and guitarist
- 1935 – Jules Bass, American director, producer, composer, and author
- 1935 – Bob Kiley, American businessman
- 1935 – Esther Vilar, German-Argentinian author
- 1937 – Pavel Bobek, Czech singer (d. 2013)
- 1937 – Aleksandr Medved, Belarusian wrestler
- 1937 – Vince Naimoli, American businessman
- 1939 – Breyten Breytenbach, South African-French poet and painter
- 1939 – Bill McGill, American basketball player (d. 2014)
- 1940 – Hamiet Bluiett, American saxophonist and composer (World Saxophone Quartet)
- 1941 – Tommy Carberry, Irish jockey and racehorse trainer
- 1941 – Richard Perle, American politician
- 1941 – Joe Butler, American singer, autoharp player, and drummer (The Lovin' Spoonful)
- 1942 – Bernie Calvert, English bass player and keyboard player (The Hollies)
- 1942 – Dennis Conner, American sailor
- 1942 – Amelia Fawcett, British banker
- 1942 – Tadamasa Goto, Japanese mobster
- 1943 – Wang Houjun, Chinese footballer and manager (d. 2012)
- 1943 – James Alan McPherson, American author
- 1944 – Winston Grennan, Jamaican drummer (Kid Creole and the Coconuts and Toots and the Maytals) (d. 2000)
- 1945 – Pat Stevens, American actress (d. 2010)
- 1946 – Cathee Dahmen, American model (d. 1997)
- 1946 – Mike Reynolds, Australian politician
- 1946 – Camilo Sesto, Spanish singer-songwriter and producer
- 1947 – Dusty Hughes, English playwright
- 1947 – Enrique Krauze, Mexican historian, critic, and publisher
- 1948 – Ron Blair, American bass player (Tom Petty and the Heartbreakers)
- 1948 – Julia Donaldson, British writer
- 1948 – Rosemary Casals, American tennis player
- 1948 – Kenney Jones, English drummer (The Small Faces, Faces, The Who, The Law, and The Jones Gang)
- 1948 – Susan Ruttan, American actress
- 1949 – Chrisye, Indonesian singer-songwriter and guitarist (d. 2007)
- 1949 – Ed Begley, Jr., American actor and producer
- 1950 – David Bellamy, American singer-songwriter and guitarist (The Bellamy Brothers)
- 1950 – Henry Louis Gates, American educator, scholar, and author
- 1950 – Loyd Grossman, American-English singer, guitarist, and television host
- 1951 – Vince Bell, American singer-songwriter and guitarist
- 1951 – Andy Irvine, Scottish rugby football player
- 1952 – Tony Cunningham, English politician
- 1952 – Karen Muir, South African swimmer and physician (d. 2013)
- 1952 – Mickey Rourke, American boxer, actor, and screenwriter
- 1953 – Alan Barton, English singer and guitarist (Black Lace and Smokie) (d. 1995)
- 1953 – Kurt Fuller, American actor
- 1953 – Nancy Huston, Canadian-French author
- 1953 – Mark Malloch Brown, English politician
- 1953 – Jerry Pate, American golfer
- 1953 – Eric Vail, Canadian ice hockey player and sportscaster
- 1954 – Sanjoy Bandopadhyay, Indian sitar player and composer
- 1954 – Earl Klugh, American guitarist and composer
- 1954 – William McKeen, American academic and author
- 1954 – Colin Newman, English singer-songwriter, guitarist and producer (Wire, Githead, and Immersion)
- 1954 – Frank Reed, American singer-songwriter (The Chi-Lites) (d. 2014)
- 1955 – Ron Brewer, American basketball player
- 1955 – Janet Ellis, English actress and television host
- 1955 – Yolandita Monge, Puerto Rican singer-songwriter and actress
- 1955 – Robin Yount, American baseball player and coach
- 1956 – Maggie Atkinson, English educator
- 1956 – David Copperfield, American magician
- 1956 – Dave Schulthise, American bass player (Dead Milkmen) (d. 2004)
- 1957 – Clara Furse, British businesswoman
- 1957 – Norman Lamb, English politician
- 1957 – David McCreery, Irish footballer and manager
- 1957 – Anca Parghel, Romanian singer and pianist (d. 2008)
- 1958 – Orel Hershiser, American baseball player, coach, and manager
- 1958 – Maura O'Connell, Irish singer and actress (De Dannan)
- 1958 – Neville Southall, Welsh footballer and manager
- 1958 – Jennifer Tilly, American actress and poker player
- 1959 – Peter Keleghan, Canadian actor
- 1959 – Tim Raines, American baseball player, coach, and manager
- 1959 – Dave Richardson, South African cricketer
- 1959 – Victory Tischler-Blue, American bass player, director, and producer (The Runaways)
- 1960 – Jayne Brook, American actress
- 1960 – Kurt Busiek, American author
- 1960 – Ean Evans, American bass player (Lynyrd Skynyrd and Outlaws) (d. 2009)
- 1960 – Graham Haynes, American trumpet player and composer
- 1960 – Danny John-Jules, English actor, singer, and dancer
- 1960 – Yianna Katsoulos, American-French singer
- 1961 – Bilinda Butcher, English singer-songwriter and guitarist (My Bloody Valentine)
- 1961 – T La Rock, American rapper
- 1961 – Annamária Szalai, Hungarian journalist and politician (d. 2013)
- 1962 – Seth, Canadian author and illustrator
- 1963 – Richard Marx, American singer-songwriter and producer
- 1964 – Mary Coustas, Australian actress and screenwriter
- 1964 – Rossy de Palma, Spanish-French model and actress
- 1964 – Dave Sabo, American guitarist and songwriter (Skid Row)
- 1964 – Molly Shannon, American actress
- 1965 – Katy Kurtzman, American actress
- 1965 – Karl-Heinz Riedle, German footballer and manager
- 1966 – Wil McCarthy, American author
- 1966 – Scott Workman, American stuntman and actor (d. 2013)
- 1966 – Kevin Young, American hurdler
- 1966 – Sean Frye, American actor
- 1967 – Hiroya Oku, Japanese author and illustrator
- 1968 – Marc Anthony, American singer-songwriter, actor, and producer
- 1968 – Walt Becker, American director, producer, and screenwriter
- 1968 – Tommy Keane, Irish footballer (d. 2012)
- 1969 – Justine Frischmann, English singer-songwriter and guitarist (Elastica and Suede)
- 1969 – Janno Gibbs, Filipino singer-songwriter and actor
- 1969 – Emanuele Guidi, Sammarinese archer
- 1970 – Mark Schultz, American singer-songwriter
- 1971 – Amy Poehler, American actress, producer, and screenwriter
- 1972 – Mark Bruener, American football player
- 1972 – Shalane McCall, American actress
- 1972 – Lord Vampyr, Italian musician and writer (Theatres des Vampires, Lord Vampyr's Shadowsreign, Cain)
- 1972 – James Westman, Canadian opera singer
- 1972 – Erik Mana, Filipino-Canadian magician
- 1973 – George Corrie, English footballer
- 1973 – Justin Haythe, American author and screenwriter
- 1973 – Alexander Vinokourov, Kazakh cyclist
- 1974 – Monique Brumby, Australian singer-songwriter, guitarist and producer
- 1974 – Joaquín Castro, American lawyer and politician
- 1974 – Julian Castro, American lawyer and politician, Mayor of San Antonio
- 1975 – Gal Fridman, Israeli windsurfer
- 1975 – Jason Leffler, American race car driver (d. 2013)
- 1975 – Loona, Dutch singer, songwriter and dancer
- 1975 – Shannon Noll, Australian singer-songwriter
- 1976 – Tina Barrett, English singer-songwriter, dancer, and actress (S Club)
- 1976 – Greg Buckner, American basketball player and coach
- 1977 – Gregory Ball, American captain and politician
- 1977 – Musiq Soulchild, American singer-songwriter
- 1978 – Dan Dickau, American basketball player and coach
- 1978 – Claudia Marx, German runner
- 1978 – Matthew Rogers, American singer and television host
- 1978 – Ebonie Smith, Puerto Rican-born American actress
- 1979 – Fanny, French singer
- 1979 – Aileen Celeste, Venezuelan actress
- 1979 – Bobby Korecky, American baseball player
- 1979 – Flo Rida, American rapper
- 1980 – Patrik Štefan, Czech ice hockey player
- 1981 – Alexis Bledel, American actress
- 1981 – Fan Bingbing, Chinese actress, singer, and producer
- 1981 – LaVerne Jones-Ferrette, Virgin Islander sprinter
- 1981 – Kenny van Weeghel, Dutch paralympian
- 1982 – Leon Knight, English footballer
- 1982 – Michele Rizzo, Italian rugby player
- 1982 – Fiete Sykora, German footballer
- 1982 – Ryan Thomson, Scottish footballer
- 1983 – John Afoa, New Zealand rugby player
- 1983 – Katerine Avgoustakis, Greek-Flemish singer
- 1983 – Kirsty Coventry, Zimbabwean swimmer
- 1983 – Brandon Moss, American baseball player
- 1983 – Legedu Naanee, American football player
- 1984 – Sabrina Bryan, American singer-songwriter, dancer, and actress (The Cheetah Girls)
- 1984 – Serginho Catarinense, Brazilian footballer
- 1984 – Katie Melua, Georgian-English singer-songwriter and guitarist
- 1985 – Madeline Zima, American actress
- 1986 – Gordon Beckham, American baseball player
- 1986 – Ian Harding, German-American actor
- 1986 – Kyla Pratt, American actress and singer
- 1987 – Daren Kagasoff, American actor
- 1987 – Kyle Lafferty, Irish footballer
- 1987 – Louis Ngwat-Mahop, Cameroonian footballer
- 1987 – Burry Stander, South African cyclist (d. 2013)
- 1987 – Travis Wall, American dancer and choreographer
- 1987 – Anthony Padilla, American Comedian (Smosh)
- 1988 – Teddy Geiger, American singer-songwriter, guitarist, and actor
- 1988 – Sarah Steele, American actress
- 1989 – Braden Holtby, Canadian ice hockey player
- 1989 – José Salomón Rondón, Venezuelan footballer
- 1989 – Dustin Tokarski, Canadian ice hockey player
- 1991 – Diāna Bukājeva, Latvian tennis player
- 1991 – Alexandra Paul, Canadian figure skater
- 1991 – Kyle Smith, English motorcycle racer
- 1992 – Vytenis Čižauskas, Lithuanian basketball player
- 1992 – Nick Jonas, American singer-songwriter, guitarist, and actor (Jonas Brothers and Nick Jonas & the Administration)
- 1992 – Jake Roche, English actor and singer
- 307 – Flavius Valerius Severus, Roman emperor
- 655 – Pope Martin I
- 1087 – Pope Victor III (b. 1026)
- 1100 – Bernold of Constance, German chronicler (b. 1054)
- 1345 – John IV, Duke of Brittany (b. 1295)
- 1380 – Charles V of France (b. 1338)
- 1394 – Antipope Clement VII (b. 1342)
- 1406 – Cyprian, Metropolitan of Moscow (b. 1336)
- 1498 – Tomás de Torquemada, Spanish friar (b. 1420)
- 1589 – Michael Baius, Belgian theologian (b. 1513)
- 1672 – Anne Bradstreet, English-American poet (b. 1612)
- 1701 – James II of England (b. 1633)
- 1736 – Daniel Gabriel Fahrenheit, Polish-Dutch physicist and engineer, invented the thermometer (b. 1686)
- 1775 – Allen Bathurst, 1st Earl Bathurst, English politician (b. 1684)
- 1782 – Farinelli, Italian singer (b. 1705)
- 1792 – Nguyễn Huệ, Vietnamese emperor (b. 1753)
- 1803 – Nicolas Baudin, French explorer, hydrographer, and cartographer (b. 1754)
- 1819 – John Jeffries, American physician and surgeon (b. 1744)
- 1824 – Louis XVIII of France (b. 1755)
- 1843 – Ezekiel Hart, Canadian businessman and politician (b. 1770)
- 1845 – Thomas Davis, Irish nationalist and writer (b. 1814)
- 1865 – Christian Julius de Meza, Danish general (b. 1792)
- 1887 – Sakaigawa Namiemon, Japanese sumo wrestler, the 14th Yokozuna (b. 1841)
- 1896 – Antônio Carlos Gomes, Brazilian composer (b. 1836)
- 1896 – Pavlos Kalligas, Greek jurist and politician (b. 1814)
- 1898 – Ramón Emeterio Betances, Puerto Rican surgeon and politician (b. 1827)
- 1911 – Edward Whymper, English-French mountaineer, explorer, and author (b. 1840)
- 1925 – Leo Fall, Czech-Austrian composer (b. 1873)
- 1925 – Alexander Friedmann, Russian physicist and mathematician (b. 1888)
- 1931 – Omar Mukhtar resistance leader in Italian Libya.
- 1932 – Ronald Ross, Indian-English physician, Nobel Prize laureate (b. 1857)
- 1933 – George Gore, American baseball player and manager (b. 1857)
- 1936 – Jean-Baptiste Charcot, French physician and explorer (b. 1867)
- 1940 – Charles Cochrane-Baillie, 2nd Baron Lamington, English-Scottish politician, 8th Governor of Queensland (b. 1860)
- 1944 – Gustav Bauer, German politician, 11th Chancellor of Germany (b. 1870)
- 1945 – John McCormack, Irish tenor (b. 1884)
- 1946 – James Hopwood Jeans, English physicist, astronomer, and mathematician (b. 1877)
- 1950 – Pedro de Cordoba, American actor (b. 1881)
- 1955 – Leo Amery, Indian-English journalist and politician, Secretary of State for the Colonies (b. 1873)
- 1957 – Qi Baishi, Chinese painter (b. 1864)
- 1965 – Ahn Eak-tai, Korean composer and conductor (b. 1906)
- 1965 – Fred Quimby, American animator and producer (b. 1886)
- 1975 – Irene Hayes, American businesswoman (b. 1896)
- 1977 – Marc Bolan, English singer-songwriter and guitarist (T. Rex and John's Children) (b. 1947)
- 1977 – Maria Callas, American-Greek soprano (b. 1923)
- 1978 – Lavrentis Dianellos, Greek actor (b. 1911)
- 1980 – Jean Piaget, Swiss psychologist and philosopher (b. 1896)
- 1984 – Louis Réard, French engineer and fashion designer, created the bikini (b. 1897)
- 1987 – Simon Gipps-Kent, English actor (b. 1958)
- 1987 – Howard Moss, American poet, playwright, and critic (b. 1922)
- 1987 – Christopher Soames, Baron Soames, English politician, Governor of Southern Rhodesia (b. 1920)
- 1989 – Steven Stayner, American kidnap victim (b. 1965)
- 1991 – Olga Spessivtseva, Russian ballerina (b. 1895)
- 1991 – Carol White, English-American actress (b. 1943)
- 1992 – Millicent Fenwick, American journalist and politician (b. 1910)
- 1993 – František Jílek, Czech conductor (b. 1913)
- 1993 – Oodgeroo Noonuccal, Australian poet and activist (b. 1920)
- 1993 – Rok Petrovič, Slovenian skier (b. 1966)
- 1996 – McGeorge Bundy, American diplomat, 6th United States National Security Advisor
- 1996 – Gene Nelson, American actor, director, and screenwriter (b. 1920)
- 2000 – Georgiy Gongadze, Georgian-Ukrainian journalist (b. 1969)
- 2001 – Samuel Z. Arkoff, American actor and producer (b. 1918)
- 2002 – James Gregory, American actor (b. 1911)
- 2003 – Sheb Wooley, American singer-songwriter and actor (b. 1921)
- 2004 – Michael Donaghy American-English poet (b. 1954)
- 2005 – Harry Freedman, Canadian horn player, composer, and educator (b. 1922)
- 2005 – Gordon Gould, American physicist, invented the laser (b. 1920)
- 2006 – Floyd Curry, Canadian ice hockey player and coach (b. 1925)
- 2006 – Fouad el-Mohandes, Egyptian actor (b. 1924)
- 2007 – Robert Jordan, American author (b. 1948)
- 2008 – Norman Whitfield, American songwriter and producer (b. 1940)
- 2009 – Myles Brand, American academic (b. 1942)
- 2009 – Ernst Märzendorfer, Austrian conductor (b. 1921)
- 2009 – Mary Travers, American singer-songwriter (Peter, Paul, and Mary) (b. 1936)
- 2009 – Timothy Bateson, English actor (b. 1926)
- 2010 – George N. Parks, American educator and bandleader (b. 1953)
- 2010 – Jim Towers, English footballer (b. 1933)
- 2011 – Willie "Big Eyes" Smith, American electric blues vocalist, harmonica player, and drummer (b. 1936)
- 2012 – Suthivelu, Indian actor (b. 1947)
- 2012 – John Ingle, American actor (b. 1928)
- 2012 – Roman Kroitor, Canadian director and producer, co-founded IMAX (b. 1926)
- 2012 – Julien J. LeBourgeois, American admiral (b. 1923)
- 2012 – Princess Ragnhild, Mrs. Lorentzen, Norwegian daughter of Olav V of Norway (b. 1930)
- 2012 – Loose Mohan, Indian actor (b. 1928)
- 2012 – Shinichi Nishimiya, Japanese diplomat (b. 1952)
- 2012 – Friedrich Zimmermann, German lawyer and politician, German Federal Minister of the Interior (b. 1925)
- 2013 – Scott Adams, American football player (b. 1966)
- 2013 – Philip Berg, American rabbi and author (b. 1927)
- 2013 – Mac Curtis, American singer (b. 1939)
- 2013 – Ratiba El-Hefny, Egyptian opera singer and director (b. 1931)
- 2013 – Eduardo García de Enterría, Spanish jurist (b. 1923)
- 2013 – Terrie Hall, American activist (b. 1960)
- 2013 – Kim Hamilton, American actress (b. 1932)
- 2013 – George Hockham, English engineer (b. 1938)
- 2013 – Jimmy Ponder, American guitarist (b. 1946)
- 2013 – David Avraham Spector, Dutch–Israeli rabbi (b. 1955)
- 2013 – Patsy Swayze, American dancer and choreographer (b. 1927)
Holidays and observances[edit]
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